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Explanation Text


What is explanation text?

Explanation text is a text that explains about a process or sequence of phenomena. 
There are 2 types of explanation text; sequential and cause and effect.

What is the purpose of explanation text?

An explanation text is written to explain how and why something (natural or socio-cultural phenomena) in the world happen. The text contains the process or sequence of the phenomena.

The generic structures of explanation text are?

The generic structures of explanation text consists of three components.
  1. Title.    
  2. General statement = Stating the phenomena or issues which are being explained.
  3. Explanation = Stating the series of steps which explain the issues or phenomena. 

Purpose of explanation text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.

The language features of explanation text

  1.  Focusing generic participant -> an object or phenomenon which is being discussed, such as; rain, chocolate, etc. 
  2.  Using present tense -> This kind of text mostly applies present tense for its sentences, such as; "rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, ......."; Chocolate starts  from a tree called cacao tree, and etc. 
  3.  Using chronological connectors -> The text applies chronological connectors / chronological connections / connectives, such as; first, second, third, then, after, after that, finally, so, as a consequence, and etc. 
  4.  Using passive voice -> The text sometimes applies passive form, such as; "... the beans are fermented for about a week, dried under the sun, and shipped to the chocolate maker..."
  5. Using noun, pronoun, verb, and etc. -> Like so many other text, explanation text absolutely applies a lot of nouns, pronouns (subject pronoun, object pronoun, possessive pronoun, demonstrative pronoun), action verb, and etc. 

Example of explanation Text

Butterfly Metamorphosis

To grow into an adult, butterflies go through 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Depending on the type of butterfly, the life cycle of a butterfly may take anywhere from one month to a whole year. A butterfly starts life as a very small, round, oval or cylindrical egg. 

The egg hatches and the young one called larvae or caterpillar comes out of the egg. The caterpillar first feeds on the egg shell from which it is born. It then starts feeding on the leaves and starts to grow. Its exoskeleton (skin) does not stretch or grow, so it grows by “molting” (sheding the outgrown skin) several times while it grows. As soon as a caterpillar is done growing and it has reached its full length/weight, it forms itself into a pupa, also known as a chrysalis. 

The pupa remains motionless in the chrysalis. In the chrysalis, the pupa undergoes a series of changes. After about 15 days, a beautiful adult butterfly emerges out of the chrysalis. When the butterfly comes out, it’s wings are small and wet, then the butterfly pumps fluids into them to make them strong and to expand. After a few hours, the wings become strong enough and the butterfly is able to fly.

Exercise page 11-15


1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT......
A. Precious metals
B. Broken glass
C. Old newspapers
D. Plastic spoons
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits.

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?
A. It costs much money for the process of recycling 
B. It costs less to make new products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution 
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives


3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?
A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium
foil.
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp. 
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants.
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres.
E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT......
A. Skim it off
B. Dry it
C. Reuse as ink 
D. Burn as boiler fuel
E. Mix it with the pulp

5. What is the text about? 
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

6. How can we swallow the food easily? 
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach. E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood the places.

7. From the text above, we imply that......
A. A good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier. 
B. No one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.
C. The digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. Every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well. 
E. The better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

8. Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1)) The phrase made up means.....
A. Produced
B. Managed
C. Arranged
D. Completed.
E. Constructed

9. The text is about.....
A. The cacao tree
B. The cacao beans 
C. The raw chocolate
D. The making of chocolate
E. The flavour of chocolate

10. The third paragraph focuses on....
A. the process of producing chocolate B. how to produce the cocoa flavour
C. where chocolate comes from
D. the chocolate liquor
E. the cacao fruit

11. So they are often sorted and blended to produce... (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted has the closest meaning to....
A. Arranged
B. Combined
C. Separated
D. Distributed
E. Organized

12. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate? 
A. By fermenting the beans.
B. By roasting the beans.
C. By blending the beans.
D. By sorting the beans.
E. By drying the beans

13. What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air...
A Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.
B. Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.
C. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.
D. Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.
E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

14. What are photosynthesis need....
A Water, light, oxygen, worm 
B. Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human
C. Bug, air, oxigen, food
D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus
E Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

15. What the product of photosynthesis....
A. Sugar 
B. Food and 02
C. Root
D. Food 
E Branch

QnA

1. Explanation texts are written in...
a. Present tense
b. Past tense
c. Past perfect tense
d. Future tense

2. What is Generic Structure of Explanation Text?
a. General statement, complication and closing
b. General statement, sequenced explanation and conclussion
c. General statement and Sequenced explanation
d. General statement, event and Sequenced explanation

                                                                        Tsunami
   Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.
    A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.
    A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

3. According to the text, Tsunami occurs because ....
a. Once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large
b. Severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property
c. A very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor
d. Major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips

4. What is the function of the text?
a. To tell the readers the effect of Tsunami
b. To explain the readers how tsunami happens
c. To entertain the readers about the story of Tsunami
d. To give information to the readers about Tsunami

5. "...but once it reaches shallow water, ...."
The bold word can be replaced by ....
a. Flat
b. Deep
c. Full
d. Dark










 

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